How Chat Systems Became Digital Infrastructure From Early Mainframes to Future Agents: A Roadmap for Human-Centered Dialogue

The rise of online dialogue begins well before social platforms. In the 1950s, computers were room-sized, scarce, and difficult to operate. Work was usually handled through batch processing. People prepared punched cards, submitted programs and data, and waited for a report to return results. This process was slow, and it left little space for inst

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